Stamps — count visits
One visit, one stamp, fixed goal, fixed reward. Nothing to calculate and nothing to explain, which is why it survives on paper in thousands of businesses that never adopted anything else.
The flaw is that it ignores value. A customer buying an espresso and one buying four pastries earn the same stamp, so it only makes sense where ticket sizes cluster.
Points — count spend
Points scale with the bill, which fixes the fairness problem. The cost is comprehension: almost no customer can tell you what their points balance is worth without looking it up, and a reward that requires arithmetic gets ignored.
Points also carry accounting weight. Unredeemed balances are an open liability that grows quietly until someone cashes them in.
Cashback — return a percentage
The easiest to understand: spend, get a fraction back as credit. No goal, no threshold, no explanation needed.
It is also the weakest at driving behaviour, because it is a discount. It rewards the purchase the customer was already making rather than the extra visit you wanted, and once introduced it is very hard to withdraw.